This blog post will define the Atterberg limits, explain the test methods, and discuss the significance of the limit values and calculated indexes. Casagrande refined and standardized the tests, and his methods still determine the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit of soils. Karl Terzhagi and Arthur Casagrande recognized the value of characterizing soil plasticity for use in geotechnical engineering applications in the early 1930s. He found that plasticity is a unique property of cohesive (clay and silt) soils and suggested classifying soils with a particle size of 2µm (0.002mm) or less as clays. In 1911, Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist Albert Atterberg was the first person to define the limits of soil consistency for the classification of fine-grained soils. Atterberg limits tests establish the moisture contents at which fine-grained clay and silt soils transition between solid, semi-solid, plastic, and liquid states. Soil mechanics tests in geotechnical laboratories measure particle size distribution, shear strength, moisture content, and the potential for expansion or shrinkage of cohesive soils. Soils intended to support structures, pavements, or other loads must be evaluated by geotechnical engineers to predict their behavior under applied forces and variable moisture conditions.
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